2 Samuel 6:21

Authorized King James Version

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And David said unto Michal, It was before the LORD, which chose me before thy father, and before all his house, to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel: therefore will I play before the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 23
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִד֮ And David H1732
דָּוִד֮ And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 23
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 23
near, with or among; often in general, to
מִיכַל֒ unto Michal H4324
מִיכַל֒ unto Michal
Strong's: H4324
Word #: 4 of 23
mikal, saul's daughter
לִפְנֵ֥י It was before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י It was before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 5 of 23
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 6 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּֽחַר which chose H977
בָּֽחַר which chose
Strong's: H977
Word #: 8 of 23
properly, to try, i.e., (by implication) select
בִּ֤י H0
בִּ֤י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 23
מֵֽאָבִיךְ֙ me before thy father H1
מֵֽאָבִיךְ֙ me before thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 10 of 23
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
וּמִכָּל H3605
וּמִכָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
בֵּית֔וֹ and before all his house H1004
בֵּית֔וֹ and before all his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 12 of 23
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
לְצַוֹּ֨ת to appoint H6680
לְצַוֹּ֨ת to appoint
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 13 of 23
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
אֹתִ֥י H853
אֹתִ֥י
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נָגִ֛יד me ruler H5057
נָגִ֛יד me ruler
Strong's: H5057
Word #: 15 of 23
a commander (as occupying the front), civil, military or religious; generally (abstractly, plural), honorable themes
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 16 of 23
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
עַ֥ם over the people H5971
עַ֥ם over the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 17 of 23
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 18 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 19 of 23
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל over Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל over Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 20 of 23
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְשִֽׂחַקְתִּ֖י therefore will I play H7832
וְשִֽׂחַקְתִּ֖י therefore will I play
Strong's: H7832
Word #: 21 of 23
to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by implication, to play
לִפְנֵ֥י It was before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י It was before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 22 of 23
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 23 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

And David said unto Michal, It was before the LORD, which chose me before thy father, and before all his house, to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel: therefore will I play before the LORD.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Ark Brought to Jerusalem, emphasizing reverence in worship, God's holiness. The ark's journey to Jerusalem emphasizes God's transcendent holiness and the necessity of approaching Him on His terms. Uzzah's death for touching the ark (though apparently well-intentioned) teaches that sincerity doesn't override obedience. David's dancing demonstrates appropriate joy in worship. Michal's contempt reveals heart attitudes toward genuine worship. The Hebrew qodesh (קֹדֶשׁ, 'holiness') dominates this chapter.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 6 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding reverence in worship, God's holiness provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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